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A genus of motile (occasionally nonmotile), nonsporeforming, aerobic to facultatively anaerobic, Gram-negative bacteria (family Spirillaceae) containing short (0.5–3.0 μm), curved or straight rods which occur singly or which are occasionally united into S-shapes or spirals. Motile cells contain a single polar flagellum; in some species, two or more flagella occur in one polar tuft. Some of these organisms are saprophytes in salt and fresh water and in soil; others are parasites or pathogens. The type species is V. cholerae. [L. vibro, to vibrate]

- V. alginolyticus a bacterial species associated with wound and ear infections, and with bacteremia in immunocompromised and in burn patients.

- V. cholerae a bacterial species that produces a soluble exotoxin and is the cause of cholera in humans; it is the type species of the genus V.. SYN: cholera bacillus, comma bacillus.

- V. fetus former name for Campylobacter fetus.

- V. fluvialis a bacterial species similar to strains of Aeromonas, associated with diarrheal disease in humans.

- V. furnissii an aerogenic strain of bacteria, similar to V. fluvialis, associated with diarrheal disease and outbreaks of gastroenteritis.

- V. hollisae a bacterial species that can cause dysentery in humans.

- V. metschnikovii a bacterial species causing acute enteric disease in chickens and other avian species; also isolated from human stool.

- V. mimicus a sucrose-negative bacterial strain, similar to V. cholerae, isolated from human stool in diarrheal disease and from human ear infections.

- V. parahaemolyticus a marine bacterial species that causes gastroenteritis and bloody diarrhea, usually from eating contaminated shellfish.

- V. sputorum former name for Campylobacter sputorum.

- V. vulnificus a species capable of causing gastroenteritis and cutaneous lesions that may result in fatal septicemia, especially in a cirrhotic or immunocompromised patient; usually contracted from contaminated oysters; also a cause of wound infections, especially those associated with handling of shellfish.

vib·rio 'vib-rē-ō n

1) cap a genus of short rigid motile bacteria of the family Vibrionaceae that are straight or curved rods, have one or sometimes two or three polar flagella enclosed in a sheath, and include various saprophytes and a few pathogens (as V. cholerae, the cause of cholera in humans)

2) any bacterium of the genus Vibrio broadly a curved rod-shaped bacterium

a genus of Gram-negative motile comma-shaped bacteria widely distributed in soil and water. Most species are saprophytic but some are parasites, including V. cholerae, which causes cholera.