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Any morbid phenomenon or departure from the normal in structure, function, or sensation, experienced by the patient and indicative of disease. SEE ALSO: phenomenon (1), reflex (1), sign (1), syndrome. [G. symptoma]

- abstinence symptoms SYN: withdrawal symptoms.

- accessory s. a s. that usually but not always accompanies a certain disease, as distinguished from a pathognomonic s.. SYN: assident s., concomitant s..

- accidental s. any morbid phenomenon coincidentally occurring in the course of a disease, but having no relation with it.

- assident s. SYN: accessory s..

- Baumès s. pain behind the sternum in angina pectoris.

- Bolognini s. a feeling of crepitation on gradually increasing pressure on the abdomen in cases of measles.

- cardinal s. the primary or major s. of diagnostic importance.

- concomitant s. SYN: accessory s..

- constitutional s. a s. indicating a systemic effect of a disease; e.g., weight loss.

- deficiency s. manifestation of a lack, in varying degrees, of some substance ( e.g., hormone, enzyme, vitamin) necessary for normal structure and/or function of an organism.

- Demarquay sign absence of elevation of the larynx during deglutition, said to indicate syphilitic induration of the trachea.

- Epstein s. See Epstein sign.

- equivocal s. a s. that points definitely to no special disease, being associated with any one of a number of morbid states, or whose presence is uncertain or indefinite.

- first rank symptoms (FRS) SYN: Schneider first rank symptoms.

- Fischer s. SYN: Fischer sign.

- Gordon s. SYN: tonic reflex.

- incarceration s. SYN: Dietl crisis.

- induced s. a s. excited by a drug, exercise, or other means, often intentionally for diagnostic purposes.

- local s. a s. of limited extent, caused by disease of a particular organ or part.

- localizing s. a s. indicating clearly the seat of the morbid process.

- Macewen s. SYN: Macewen sign.

- negative s. one of the deficit symptoms of schizophrenia that follow from diminished volition and executive function including inertia, anergia, lack of involvement with the environment, poverty of thought, social withdrawal, and blunted affect.

- objective s. a s. that is evident to the observer.

- pathognomonic s. a s. that, when present, definitely points to the presence of a certain disease.

- positive s. one of the acute or florid symptoms of schizophrenia, including hallucinations, delusions, thought disorder, loose associations, ambivalence, or affective lability.

- Pratt s. rarely used term for rigidity in the muscles of an injured limb, which precedes the occurrence of gangrene.

- presenting s. the complaint offered by the patient as the main reason for seeking medical care; usually synonymous with chief complaint.

- rainbow s. SYN: glaucomatous halo (2).

- reflex s. a disturbance of sensation or function in an organ or part more or less remote from the morbid condition giving rise to it; e.g., muscle spasm due to joint inflammation. SYN: sympathetic s..

- Schneider first rank symptoms those symptoms that, when present, indicate that the diagnosis of schizophrenia is likely, provided that organic or toxic etiology is ruled out: delusion of control, thought broadcasting, thought withdrawal, thought insertion, hearing one's thoughts spoken aloud, auditory hallucinations that comment on one's behavior, and auditory hallucinations in which two voices carry on a conversation. SYN: first rank symptoms, schneiderian first rank symptoms.

- schneiderian first rank symptoms SYN: Schneider first rank symptoms.

- Sklowsky s. the rupture of a varicella vesicle on very slight pressure with the finger, greater pressure being necessary to break the vesicles of smallpox, herpes, or other affections.

- subjective s. a s. apparent only to the patient.

- sympathetic s. SYN: reflex s..

- Trendelenburg s. a waddling gait in paresis of the gluteal muscles, as in progressive muscular dystrophy.

- Uhthoff s. a transient temperature-dependent numbness, weakness, or loss of vision. Conduction stops in any nerve if the temperature gets too high. In a damaged nerve, e.g., by demyelinization, this shutdown temperature is lowered, and may approach normal body temperature. Transient neurological dysfunction may then appear with a hot shower, exercise, or fever. SYN: Uhthoff syndrome.

- Wartenberg s. 1. flexion of the thumb when the patient attempts to flex the four fingers against resistance, a “pyramid sign”. 2. intense pruritus of the tip of the nose and nostrils in cases of cerebral tumor;

- withdrawal symptoms a group of morbid symptoms, including excitability and irritability, occurring in an addict who is deprived of the accustomed dose of the addicting agent. SYN: abstinence symptoms.

symp·tom 'sim(p)-təm n subjective evidence of disease or physical disturbance observed by the patient <headache is a \symptom of many diseases> <visual disturbances may be a \symptom of retinal arteriosclerosis> broadly something that indicates the presence of a physical disorder compare SIGN (2)

an indication of a disease or disorder noticed by the patient himself. A presenting symptom is one that leads a patient to consult a doctor. Compare sign.