A fiscal and accounting entity with a self-balancing set of accounts in which cash and other financial resources, all related liabilities and residual equities, or balances, and charges therein, are recorded and segregated to carry on specific activities or attain certain objectives in accordance with special regulations, restrictions, or limitations. American Banker Glossary
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A term used to describe a collective investment scheme, which is where investors' monies are pooled together and managed as a single entity with a common investment aim. Dresdner Kleinwort Wasserstein financial glossary
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A fund is a collective investment scheme where money is pooled, which is invested in a portfolio of securities with a common investment purpose. London Stock Exchange Glossary
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▪ I. fund fund 1 [fʌnd] noun
1. [countable] FINANCE an amount of money that is obtained and used for a particular purpose:
• They agreed to set up (= start ) a $240 million international fund through which industrialized nations can help developing countries.
acˌcumulated ˈfund [countable] FINANCE
a fund built up over a period of time, usually for a particular purpose:
• Interest earned on the accumulated fund will eventually supplement increased Social Security benefits.
a sum of money held by a government to help banks in financial difficulty:
• Norway's national bank guarantee fund has pumped more than NKr7 billion into ailing banks.
conˈtingency fund also conˈtingency acˌcount, conˈtingency reˌserve [countable] COMMERCE FINANCE
an amount of money that is kept in case of an event that causes losses in the future:
• Under the five-year plan a contingency fund was to be created to cope with any international or domestic variables.
• The board is confident the contingency reserve will cover these additional expenses.
deˌposit proˈtection ˌfund noun [countable]
BANKING FINANCE in Britain, an amount of money that is paid into a central organization by banks and will be paid to people who lose money if a bank goes
bankrupt:
• The country's deposit protection fund but has yet to pay 5,000 savers who lost £42 million when its Savings and Investment Bank collapsed.
deˌpreciˈation ˌfund [countable] FINANCE
a fund set up by a company to provide money to buy new
fixed asset S. Every year, the fund invests an amount of money equal to an existing asset's depreciation allowance in
gilt-edged, giving the company money that can be used to buy new assets
disˈcretionary ˌfund [countable] FINANCE
an amount of money that can be used for purposes to be decided later
a sum of money designed to pay people or organizations who would lose money if an organization goes
bankrupt:
• Tuffier was the first brokerage to qualify for protection under the guarantee fund for clients who cannot recover their cash from a bankrupt broker.
an amount of money from which life insurance payments are made and with which an insurance company makes investments:
• The level of this bonus may be reviewed at any time to reflect changes in the value of the assets of the life fund.
a fund that is used to pay
pension S (= money for people who no longer work) to those who have regularly paid money into the fund:
• the Dallas Police and Fire Pension Fund
ˈprovident ˌfund [countable] FINANCE
a fund into which the employer and the employee both pay money regularly, so that when the employee retires or leaves the company, he or she receives a sum of money :
• Under a provident fund, the full amount of the benefit available at retirement may be taken as a lump sum cash payment.
an amount of money that is kept to pay future costs, including unexpected costs:
• We have a $10 million reserve fund for acquisition of any remaining sites that become vacant.
reˈvolving fund [countable] FINANCE
a fund from which money can be taken when it is needed but must be replaced, so that the full amount is again available:
• a self-financed revolving fund for energy efficiency projects
a fund into which regular payments are made so that future expenses can be paid:
• The building's management company set up a sinking fund to which all flat owners contributed to pay for repairs.
ˈslush fund [countable] informal disapproving
FINANCE LAW a fund of money obtained secretly and illegally and used for illegal purposes:
• He operated an $18 million slush fund intended to corrupt Pentagon officials.
ˈstrike fund [countable]
a fund used to pay money to workers who are members of a
trade union who are on strike:
• The striking miners had no right to food stamps or unemployment benefits, they only had the strike fund.
a fund for money or property held for the benefit of others or for a particular purpose. The person in charge of the fund is responsible for the money etc and can only act in certain ways:
• A small percentage of the gasoline tax flows into a trust fund to clean up leaking underground storage tanks at filling stations
• the Yorkshire Miners' Welfare Trust Fund
— see also Superfund 2. [countable] FINANCE ORGANIZATIONS an organization that is responsible for obtaining and spending money for a particular purpose:
• Thanks to the European Development Fund, a fourth railway station will re-open in Wales this October.
• The fund invests in money market deposits with a range of banks and financial institutions.
• the World Wildlife Fund
3. funds [plural] ECONOMICS FINANCE money that a person or organization has available:
• With the additional bank financing, we'll have sufficient funds to pay our suppliers.
ˌFederal ˈfunds also ˌFed ˈfunds
1. [plural] BANKING FINANCE money that US banks lend to each other for short periods of time. The
Federal Reserve (= the US central bank) influences this lending as one of its controls on
money supply (= the amount of money in the economy):
• The Federal Reserve Bank of New York arranged repurchase agreements, and traders took this as a signal that the Fed's new target for the Federal Funds rate (= (= the interest rate banks charge each other ) was 6.25%, down from 6.75%.
2. [plural] ECONOMICS FINANCE money from the national government that a US state has available for spending:
• The state's budget plan is 6% larger than last year's budget, though after subtracting $17.85 billion in federal funds, state spending would only go up 2.8%.
money that belongs to a local or national government, available for
public spending:
• Despite infusions of over $800 million in public funds to help develop the technology, the aircraft was a failure on the marketplace.
ˈshareholders' ˌfunds [plural] FINANCE
money in a company that legally belongs to shareholders including capital and
reserves (= earlier profits not paid out) in the form of
dividend S:
• Losses from operations may have wiped out more than half its remaining shareholders' funds.
money available for spending by a national or state government:
• There is a further argument for investing more state funds in the troubled company.
4. in funds having money, or enough money for a particular purpose:
• He promised to send repayment when he was next in funds.
• A new spending bill was needed to keep the government in funds (= make sure the government has enough money ) .
5. be short of funds/run out of funds to have little or no money:
• The government is short of funds and needs additional revenue quickly.
• The company ran out of funds, leaving gross debts of £900 million.
6. funds [plural] FINANCE BANKING used to talk about borrowing for different periods of time
borrowing over 10 to 15 years or longer:
• The assistance corporation is an authority created last year to raise long-term funds and eliminate the state's need to sell a large amount of short-term notes each year in its spring borrowing.
borrowing that is repaid after a short time, up to five years:
• Gulf Power invested $500,000 of short-term funds in a 90-day Ginnie Mae certificate.
7. also inˈvestment ˌfund [countable] FINANCE a company whose activity is putting money from investors into a particular type of investment or a range of investments, or an amount of money invested in this way:
• The fund will invest primarily in Asian companies.
• The GT Growth Fund is the largest investment fund operating in Chile.
ˌauthorized ˈfund also authorised fund [countable] FINANCE
ˌbalanced ˈfund
[countable] FINANCE a fund that invests in shares and bonds:
• A balanced fund will typically keep a fairly stable 60%-40% mix of stocks and bonds.
ˈbond fund
[countable] FINANCE a fund that invests in bonds:
• Investors switched from certificates of deposit, which now yield less than 5%, and into bond funds, many of which are still paying 7% and above.
ˌbroker-ˈdealer fund [countable] FINANCE
a fund that is open only to
broker-dealer S (= financial institutions that invest their own money and the money of other investors)
ˌclosed-ˈend ˌfund also ˌclosed-ˈended ˌfund [countable] FINANCE
a fund that has a fixed number of shares. Investors can sell their shares only to other investors, not back to the fund:
• The closed-end funds don't have to worry about daily sales and withdrawals and thus can remain fully invested.
comˈmodity ˌfund [countable] FINANCE
a mutual fund that invests in
Commodities (= metals, farm products etc):
• A lot of commodity funds have been coming into precious metals markets over the past month.
ˌdual-ˈpurpose ˌfund [countable] FINANCE
a fund that has two classes of shares, income shares that produce income in the form of
dividend S, and capital shares that increase or decrease in value with the value of the shares in which the fund has invested:
• The portfolio strategy of dual-purpose funds often ends up helping the income shareholders at the expense of the capital shareholders.
a fund that invests in company shares:
• Since the stockmarket crash, the average equity fund has gone up 61.24%.
ˌfund of ˈfunds also ˈfund fund [countable] FINANCE
an investment fund that invests in other funds:
• The SFr400 million Private Equity Holding operates as a fund of funds, investing in between 15 and 20 venture capital partnerships.
ˌgeneral-ˈpurpose fund [countable] FINANCE
a fund open to all types of investors, rather than one just open to financial institutions:
• Assets of 280 general-purpose funds declined $2.89 billion, to $173.81 billion.
a fund that makes
speculative investments (= ones with a high risk but the chance of high profitability):
• Go-go funds constantly adjust what they are investing in.
a fund that specializes in producing growth in the value of its shares rather than producing income:
• Investors should own both growth funds and value funds, because these two investment styles tend to do well at different times.
a fund that makes investments that are unlikely to fall in value as well as in those that go up or down in value, to reduce the risk of losing a lot of money:
• He manages a $40 million hedge fund.
high-ˈyield fund [countable] FINANCE
a fund designed to produce high income, for example by investing in high-risk bonds:
• Many newly issued junk bonds yield about 11%, which many high yield fund managers consider too low when they were used to buying bonds that were yielding 15% or more.
a fund that makes investments designed to produce income, rather than growth in the value of its shares:
• Global income funds were star performers last year, because of higher overseas interest rates.
ˈindex fund also ˈtracker fund [countable] FINANCE
a fund with a combination of shares that are in a particular
share index. The fund is not managed, and follows the movements of the index:
• The index fund buys and holds the stocks that make up the Standard & Poor's 500.
• You won't need an investment manager if you use a tracker fund.
instiˈtutional ˌfund [countable] FINANCE
a fund open only to financial institutions
a fund where
investment manager S actively buy and sell investments and try to increase the fund's value by more than the general increase in the value of the markets they invest in:
• When managed funds get very large, it might be impossible for a manager to deploy them effectively.
• Managed funds allow investors to give the investment manager all the responsibility for choosing a diversified range of investments.
ˈmoney fund also ˈmoney-ˌmarket fund [countable] FINANCE
a fund that invests in
Certificates Of Deposit (= money put into banks for a particular period of time),
commercial paper (= money lent to companies for short periods of time), and
Treasury bill S (= government borrowing over short periods of time) rather than shares, company bonds etc:
• Assets of the nation's money market funds increased significantly despite a rising stock market.
a particular legal form of fund in the US, often one that is open to the general public for saving and investing in particular financial markets;
= unit trust Bre:
• Each year, a mutual fund is obliged by law to distribute to shareholders nearly all the capital gains and all the income that the fund earned.
a fund that does not charge a fee to investors when they put their money into it:
• The fund's success came from the fact that it's a no-load fund, which means investors can buy shares without paying a sales commission.
ˌopen-ˈend fund also ˌopen-ˈended fund [countable] FINANCE
a fund where investors can freely buy and sell shares from the fund, rather than only being able to buy them from and sell them to other investors:
• Prudential Intermediate Income Fund Inc. began continuous offering as an open-end fund.
perˈformance ˌfund [countable] FINANCE
a fund that specializes in producing growth in the value of its shares rather than producing income. A performance fund may invest in companies that are growing fast but are not yet profitable
a fund that invests in company shares:
• The average stock fund posted a total return of 17.19% in the first quarter.
• You may want to divide money equally between large-company funds and small-stock funds (= ones that invest in the shares of small companies ) .
a fund that is made up of a number of different investments:
• Their umbrella fund consists of up to 22 sub-funds, each designed to track different markets, including Australia, Hong Kong, Italy, Malaysia, USA and Sweden.
• If you take the recent poor performance of value funds as a signal to dump value and buy growth, you could be making a bad mistake.
a fund that invests in companies in difficulty, hoping to gain control of them and improve their performance:
• Zell's vulture fund offered to buy about $550 million in bonds and supplier claims of Carter Hawley Hale Stores for 40 cents on the dollar.
[m0]
▪ II. fund fund 2 verb [transitive] FINANCE 1. to provide money for an activity, organization, or event:
• This year's profits will be used to help fund a record £1.5 billion programme of investment over the next five years.
• The chairwoman remains relatively unworried about the group's ability to fund its expansion.
— see also overfunded, underfunded 2. to change the arrangements for paying a debt, so that you have more time to pay:
• Proposals to fund part of the state debt faced stubborn resistance.
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A pool of money which is invested by a fund manager who then manages that money using a range of investment criteria.
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Ⅰ.
fund UK US /fʌnd/ noun [C] FINANCE
► »
The proposed performance table requires disclosure of a fund's returns for fiscal year periods.
»
The fund's performance is linked to swings in gas prices, which are difficult to predict.
»
fund shares/shareholders
► set up/establish a fund »
The government set up an emergency fund to help disaster victims.
► »
the European Regional Development Fund
→
See also ACCUMULATED FUND(
Cf. ↑
accumulated fund),
AUTHORIZED INVESTMENT FUND(
Cf. ↑
authorized investment fund),
BALANCED FUND(
Cf. ↑
balanced fund),
BANK GUARANTEE FUND(
Cf. ↑
bank guarantee fund),
BOND FUND(
Cf. ↑
bond fund),
BROKER-DEALER FUND(
Cf. ↑
broker-dealer fund),
CLOSED-END FUND(
Cf. ↑
closed-end fund),
COMMODITY FUND(
Cf. ↑
commodity fund),
CONTINGENCY FUND(
Cf. ↑
contingency fund),
DEPOSIT PROTECTION FUND(
Cf. ↑
deposit protection fund),
DEPRECIATION FUND(
Cf. ↑
depreciation fund),
DISCRETIONARY FUND(
Cf. ↑
discretionary fund),
DUAL-PURPOSE FUND(
Cf. ↑
dual-purpose fund),
EQUITY FUND(
Cf. ↑
equity fund),
ETHICAL FUND(
Cf. ↑
ethical fund),
FED FUNDS(
Cf. ↑
fed funds),
GENERAL-PURPOSE FUND(
Cf. ↑
general-purpose fund),
GO-GO FUND(
Cf. ↑
go-go fund),
GROWTH FUND(
Cf. ↑
growth fund),
GUARANTEE FUND(
Cf. ↑
guarantee fund),
HEDGE FUND(
Cf. ↑
hedge fund),
INVESTMENT FUND(
Cf. ↑
investment fund),
INCOME FUND(
Cf. ↑
income fund),
INDEX FUND(
Cf. ↑
index fund),
INSTITUTIONAL FUND(
Cf. ↑
institutional fund),
INVESTMENT FUND(
Cf. ↑
investment fund),
LIFE FUND(
Cf. ↑
life fund),
LONG-TERM FUNDS(
Cf. ↑
long-term funds),
MANAGED FUND(
Cf. ↑
managed fund),
MONEY FUND(
Cf. ↑
money fund),
MONEY MARKET FUND(
Cf. ↑
money market fund),
MUTUAL FUND(
Cf. ↑
mutual fund),
NO-LOAD FUND(
Cf. ↑
no-load fund),
INVESTMENT FUND(
Cf. ↑
investment fund),
PENSION FUND(
Cf. ↑
pension fund),
PERFORMANCE FUND(
Cf. ↑
performance fund),
PROVIDENT FUND(
Cf. ↑
provident fund),
RESERVE FUND(
Cf. ↑
reserve fund),
REVOLVING FUND(
Cf. ↑
revolving fund),
SHAREHOLDERS' FUNDS(
Cf. ↑
shareholders' funds),
SHORT-TERM FUNDS(
Cf. ↑
short-term funds),
SINKING FUND(
Cf. ↑
sinking fund),
SLUSH FUND(
Cf. ↑
slush fund),
STATE FUNDS(
Cf. ↑
state funds),
STOCK FUND(
Cf. ↑
stock fund),
STRIKE FUND(
Cf. ↑
strike fund),
TRACKER FUND(
Cf. ↑
tracker fund),
TRUST FUND(
Cf. ↑
trust fund),
UMBRELLA FUND(
Cf. ↑
umbrella fund),
VALUE FUND(
Cf. ↑
value fund),
VULTURE FUND(
Cf. ↑
vulture fund)
Ⅱ.
fund UK US /fʌnd/ verb [T] FINANCE
► »
Fears continue to grow that the Government's bailout will not be enough to fund the industry's recovery.
partially/wholly/fully funded »
The research was partially funded by Roche Applied Science.
»
government/privately funded
»
The regeneration program is funded by EU money.